ISIHLULO SAMANZI ESINGAHLULULWA NGEZIFUTHA ZE-DIESEL

ILand Cruiser

Kwi-1985, imodeli yavela kwimodeli emfutshane ye-70 kwaye ebizwa ngokuba yi "square Wagon" yenza i-debut yayo. Emva koko, yathiywa igama elithi land cruiser prado (Land Cruiser Overlord) "Model 70" ngo-1990. Umzimba ufumaneka ngohlobo olufutshane lwamavili kunye ne-4-door long wheelbase. Inkqubo yokuqhuba ithatha i-4-wheel helical spring rigid suspension, kunye ne-injini yi-2446cc2l-te turbocharged. Emva kuka-1993, "1kz-te" 4-cylinder 2982cc turbocharged injini yedizili isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa amandla kunye nokuthula. Ideshibhodi kunye neminye imihlobiso yangaphakathi yemoto inani elikhulu lendlela yokuhombisa yangaphakathi yemoto. Njengomqhubi omtsha we-4, ukongamela "i-70" kwiqela labathengi bolutsha kuthandwa kakhulu. Ukusukela ngoko, uBadao ujoyine usapho lakwaLand Cruiser njengesebe. Yayiyi-prototype ye-suv ethandwa kakhulu ngoku. Iimodeli ezingama-80 ezaziswa ngo-1989 zaziphuculwe kwiimodeli zamva ezingama-61, Kulungile? Iimodeli zaseMelika zokunethezeka ze-sedan off-road, ngelo xesha zazikwindawo ephambili yemoto. Ekuhanjisweni komatshini, imodi yokuqhuba ukusuka kumsebenzi wokwabelana ngexesha ukuya kumsebenzi osisigxina. I-chassis isebenzisa imithombo eqinile enamavili ama-4 (ngaphandle kweemodeli ezithile). Ukongeza kwiimodeli ezingama-60 ze-injini ye-3f-e, imodeli ye-1hd-t ine-turbocharged 4163cc ene-injini yedizili enaliti ngqo kunye nemodeli eyi-1hz enqwenelekayo ngokwendalo ye-diesel. Ngo-1992 yafakelwa injini yepetroli eyi-4,476cc "1fz-fe" engaphezulu kwecamshaft yepetroli. Ukusukela ngoko, ixesha elide elisebenzayo kwintsimi ye-injini f injini ekugqibeleni liyeke inqanaba lembali. Ngowe-1998, iimodeli zokuqala ze-100 zathatha indawo ye-80 ephezulu, kamva. Ngo-1996, "i-90 Badao" yavela "ku-70" iimoto zabakhweli kunye nemithwalo zaqala ukuqalisa uhambo. Ngaphambili, imowudi yokwabelana ngexesha lokuqhuba yatshintshwa yaya kwimowudi yokuqhuba ngokusisigxina, kwaye isithuthi sonke sasixhotyiswe nge-synchronizer ephakathi, i-abs, kunye ne-srs airbags. Ii-injini zangoku ziyi-V-shaped 6-cylinder dohc injini enemodeli “5vz-fe”, in-line 4-cylinder dohc injini enemodeli “3rz-fe”, kunye ne-in-line 4-cylinder dohc turbocharged direct injection diesel engine “ 1kd-ftv” (yamkelwa ngo-2000, imodeli yokuqala yi-1kz-te turbocharged diesel engine). Njengelungu lothotho lweLand Cruiser, ikwanoyilo oluninzi olungekho endleleni. Njengemoto enemvakalelo yokuqhuba lula, iyathandwa. Iimoto ze-100 eziveliswe kwi-1998 zaqhubeka nesitayela se-flagship esekelwe kulungiso olupheleleyo lweemodeli ze-80 zangaphambili. Ndim lowo? Imodeli oyibona apha. Kwilifa le-80 yokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokulula ngexesha elifanayo, kunye nombono "owenziwe emhlabeni" kwaye wafuna i-land cruiser ingqiqo yokuqala yamandla kunye nokuqina. Ii-injini zifumaneka kuhlengahlengiso ezimbini: a 2uz-fe v8 injini yepetroli kunye 1hd-fte turbocharged injini yedizili. Inkqubo yokunqunyanyiswa yangaphambili isebenzisa ukunqunyanyiswa kwengalo ye-rocker ezimeleyo, ngelixa ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwe-oyile "ahc" kunye ne-trc ehlengahlengiswayo, inkqubo yolawulo lozinzo lwemoto kunye nezinye iimpumelelo zetekhnoloji zamva nje. Inqanaba lesithuthi liphakanyiswe kwinqanaba elitsha. Ngo-2002, umxhaphazi waba nenkqubela enkulu. Okokuqala, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeenjini: V-uhlobo lwe-6-cylinder dohc injini yepetroli "5vz-fe", emgceni 4-cylinder dohc injini yepetroli "3rz-fe", kunye ne-4-cylinder dohc kaloliwe eqhelekileyo turbocharged ngqo inaliti yedizili. injini "ikd-ftv". Kwangaxeshanye, i-Badao entsha iphinda isebenzise isakhelo esanda kuphuhliswa eyomeleleyo kunye nolawulo oluzimeleyo lwekhohlo nasekunene lwe-air conditioning oluzenzekelayo, ngoko ayifanelekanga kuphela kwimidlalo eqinile, kodwa inokwenza umqhubi azive egudileyo kwaye ekhuselekile. Ngeli xesha, umkhweli ongasemva unokonwabela inkqubo yokuzonwabisa yeWindows esanda kufakwa. Ayiphelelanga apho, kodwa nokongezwa kwe-torque esanda kuphuhliswa lsd kunye nolawulo oluncedisayo lokuhla kwe-strain gauge trc, eyenze yatyebisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu.